neologisms

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Every nation is known by the culture represented through the language it keeps, and every aspect of the life of a people is reflected in their vocabulary. Some words get out of usage or get transformed; new words are created to represent the reality brought to us by mass media in particular through news reporting.
Although there are general patterns of word-formation, language is not a fixed, rigid system; according to the current stage of development new words enter the vocabulary continuously, and certain tendencies of forming new words appear and may disappear again.
In linguistics, a neologism is a recently invented word. Neologisms are especially useful in identifying new inventions, new phenomena, or old ideas which have taken on a new cultural context.
Neologisms are often created by combining existing words or giving words new and unique suffixes and/or prefixes. The word «video» has long been used to describe any visual image on a television screen, and «tape» to a thin strip: «videotape» is an invented word, named by combining the words for two of its key features.
Types of technological neologism formation:
– Affixing – this is the most common source of new words, whereby prefixes or suffixes are added to existing words. For example: «multi–» is used in «multimedia» and «multiplayer» to mean more than one of an item or aspect.
– Compounding – where words are combined to form a larger word or expression. For example, «laptop», «floppy drive».
– Acronyms. For example, RECP – receptacle (электророзетка) .
– Initialisms – words are abbreviated and the letters are pronounced separately. For example, CD-ROM.
– Eponyms – products and services are named after their designers and fall into widespread use, for example, the Dyson vacuum cleaner.
Examples of technological neologisms:
- Dot-com – a neologism, denoting a company that relies on the internet for most or all of its business, which arose due to the frequency of businesses including ".com" in their company name.
- Laser – was originally an acronym for «Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation». It uses a quantum mechanical effect, stimulated emission, to generate a very collimated, monochromatic and coherent beam of light.
- Black hole – an object so dense that not even light can escape its gravity.
- Quarks – one of the two families of particles thought to be elemental and indivisible.
- VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) – a device that uses magnetic tape to record audio and video so it can be played back later.
- Webmob – a name for the new generation web based multimedia mobile gadget. The webmobs are as well named as Webiles Vexel is a neologism for an entirely pixel-based form of raster art that imitates the vector graphics technique, but is distinguished from normal vector graphics or raster images. The word itself is a portmanteau derived from a combination of «vector» and «pixel».
- TimeTrax – a software program, as well as the parent company, which allows audio recording from satellite radio.
- Technocriticism – a branch of critical theory devoted to the study of technological change.
- A podcast (not to be confused or equated with Apple Inc's iPod) usually consists of a combination of audio and/or video that is made available for download via syndication.
- Plug-in (also: plugin, addin, add-in, addon, add-on, snap-in or snapin) consists of a computer program that interacts with a host application (a web browser or an email client, for example) to provide a certain, usually very specific, function «on demand».
- Nanosocialism – a set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the research, development and use of nanotechnology.
- Nanotechnology, shortened to «Nanotech» – the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.
- Lifecasting – a continual broadcast of events in a person's life through digital media.
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